NASA autonomous flight software successfully used in air taxi stand-ins

In late October, two research helicopters from the manufacturer Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin company, made a dozen test flights over Long Island Sound, Connecticut taking care to avoid other aircraft in the area around them. Except the ordinary-looking helicopters were flying autonomously—guided by NASA-designed software—and those other aircraft were virtual, part of a simulation to test pilotless flight systems. This was the first time two autonomous aircraft were flying at one another using NASA designed collision avoidance software

The work was part of NASA's efforts to design and evaluate technologies that could eventually lead to air taxis and other new, automated air transportation options.

For the tests, the team used two experimental helicopters adapted for autonomous systems, known as the SARA (Sikorsky Autonomy Research Aircraft) a modified S-76B and the larger OPV (Optionally Piloted Vehicle) Black Hawk. Researchers loaded five NASA-designed software systems into the helicopters, which worked with the automated flight system already integrated by Sikorsky and DARPA.

"These flight tests using Sikorsky's SARA and OPV helicopters show how we can stack technologies together to increase automation over time in a maintainable and scalable way," says Adam Yingling, NASA project lead. "These efforts demonstrate that we can safely integrate operations to fly the aircraft using several technologies in one navigation tablet."

A NASA and a Sikorsky safety pilot onboard each helicopter supervised the flight tests. Sikorsky's flight autonomy system, in combination with NASA software, running on tablets the agency designed, allowed the helicopters to fly autonomously along multiple planned routes. The tablets also enabled the safety pilots to monitor flight path options the software selected whenever course corrections needed to occur.

The safety pilots observed how the helicopters responded to software-initiated commands, and NASA researchers evaluated how the different software systems worked together to control each aircraft.